Behind Arista Networks' (ANET) Numbers
Behind Arista Networks' (ANET) Numbers
An Earnings Quality Review of the high-flying name
A few weeks ago, we began publishing Red Flag Notes in which we highlight recent signs of companies’ earnings being distorted by accounting-related benefits. Today we introduce another new format we will be using for our Earnings Quality Reviews. These reports will focus on a specific company and rate how exposed they are to the risk of reporting disappointing results or guidance as a result of recent results being distorted by unrealistic, accounting-related benefits. Note that the rating does not take into consideration factors such as competition, industry conditions, valuation, expectations, and recent price movements. There are plenty of sources out there examining those factors- but few that take a critical look at the accounting that produces the numbers the market uses to assess the company’s growth rates, returns, and valuations. Nor do many point out which in the industry are the most conservative or most aggressive.
The analysis will examine the company’s financial results considering multiple factors. We will assign a rating of Pass, Caution, or Alert to each factor as well as an overall rating. The factors are as follows:
Earnings Management Indications
GAAP accounting results depend heavily on estimates made by management and the company’s auditors. Aggressive assumptions and changes to estimates can lead to unrealistic results. Also, an examination of trends in accrual accounts can uncover early warning signs of slowing growth that have yet to show up in the top and bottom lines. We examine recent results and explore unusual movements in key accounts including:
revenue recognition-related accounts such as receivables, contract assets, and deferred revenue
expense accruals such as bad debt reserves, warranty accruals, and capitalized costs
workings capital movements including inventory and payables
Misleading non-GAAP Adjustments
Earnings Management Indications are concerned with GAAP accounting-related matters that impact results. However, practically all companies apply at least some non-GAAP adjustments when presenting their results with some adjustments almost universally applied in some industries. For example, virtually all tech companies add back stock compensation to non-GAAP earnings. Therefore, our rating system compares the percentage or earnings weighting of the add-back to peers in the industry in addition to considering recent company-specific trends that may impact how realistic the adjustment is.
Insufficient Depreciation/Capex
While depreciation expense is often viewed as an earnings management component, we include it in a separate section given its complicated interrelationship with property, plant, and equipment balances and capital spending trends. Factors considered include the company’s depreciation method, its choice of estimated useful lives, capital spending levels, and its average age of equipment versus its peers in the industry.
Cash Flow Quality
We examine factors impacting cash flow growth such as dependence on factoring programs or stretching payables. We also highlight how much of a company’s cash flow is dependent on considering stock compensation and non-cash items.
R&D Understated by Acquisitions
Many companies acquire vital intellectual property via acquisition, but goodwill is not amortized under GAAP and many add back the amortization of intangible assets which erases the impact of the acquisition on non-GAAP results. We assess how much each company is benefitting from acquisition accounting relative to its peers.
How to Read the Earnings Quality Watch Rating
After considering all the factors, a final Earnings Quality Watch rating is assigned as follows:
Pass- No meaningful concern with the reliability of the company’s recent results.
Caution- We noted signs that we believe indicate that recent results have been impacted by earnings quality distortions, but we see only a moderate risk that the company will report an earnings disappointment related to the distortion in the next 2 quarters.
Alert- We noted signs that we believe indicate that recent results have received a material benefit from earnings quality distortions and there are meaningful risk that the company will report an earnings disappointment related to the distortion in the next 2 quarters.
Suggestions for readers managing long portfolios
For all companies of interest with an Earnings Quality Watch rating of Caution or Alert, investors should make sure they have taken all negatively rated factors into account in their risk assessment process.
Note that since factors such as competition, industry conditions, valuation, expectations, and recent price movements are not considered, companies with a Pass rating should not be considered an automatic buy recommendation.
Suggestions for readers managing short portfolios
It is our experience that companies exhibiting signs of earnings management have a higher risk of posting a disappointment. Therefore, we believe all companies with an Earnings Quality Watch rating of Alert are a potentially fruitful place to start looking for potential short ideas. However, we recommend that investors seeking active short ideas take additional considerations into account such as competition, industry conditions, valuation, expectations, and recent price movements before taking a position.
Today we will take a close look at Arista Networks (ANET).
So, without further ado, let’s get behind ANET’ numbers…